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Research Paper on Teen Pregnancy

High school Pregnancy: Who's To Blame? In the course of recent years, high school pregnancy has heightened about 10%. As the years pass,...

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Research Paper on Teen Pregnancy

High school Pregnancy: Who's To Blame? In the course of recent years, high school pregnancy has heightened about 10%. As the years pass, more faults for youngster pregnancy come up. The initial scarcely any years that adolescent pregnancy turned into an issue, the individuals accused the young lady that got pregnant. At that point as it advanced more awful and more terrible, the accuse highlighted the dad of the unborn kid. At the point when the film â€Å"June' turned out in around 2009 that got fault. At that point came â€Å"16 and pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom†.Hollywood began clamoring youngster pregnancy basically saying its alright to be a teenager mother since you can become munitions. This made the young ladies of the U. S think â€Å"Maybe since these young ladies are getting popular for being a youngster mother perhaps I can too†. At that point there's the no sex training in the schools. Schools nowadays feel that all youngsters think about sex so why educate it? Young pregnancies are 100% preventable. Adolescents should settle on the correct choice and pick restraint. In the event that they decide to have pre-marriage sex, at that point they should avoid potential risk to forestall pregnancies.Media and society assumes a gigantic job in high schooler pregnancy. â€Å"16 and pregnant† is a show that advances pregnant young ladies. It shows their battles in life as a pregnant adolescent, how they attempt to manage the Judgment of their companions, attempting to experience school, having the child, and attempting to be a young person. Another fault for teenager pregnancy is peer pressure. Companions getting pregnant and beaus are the primary friend pressure young ladies get. At the point when a companion gets pregnant a few young ladies get Jealous of the consideration their companion is getting so they proceed to get pregnant so they can have the consideration too.Then there's the sweetheart factor; most high school young m en are explicitly dynamic and proceed with that route with all the young ladies he kid interacts with. Most folks think â€Å"Oh well since every one of these young ladies she spends time with are doing it I'll drive her into doing it with me†, or they'll pull the â€Å"if you love me† card. As a high school young lady there are numerous things experiencing your brain when a kid likes you and needs to have relations with you. You consider on the off chance that he truly adores you, on the off chance that he'll leave you on the off chance that you don't do it, and so forth. Cost high school young ladies that become pregnant will disclose to you miss, I got pregnant to keep up a steady relationship with my boyfriend†. There are likewise numerous schools that don't offer sex instruction. Most schools as of now have a high number of young pregnancies so they don't think they need it on the grounds that the greater part of the children there are as of now explicitly d ynamic. The other portion of schools that do offer sex instruction, don't have any children that pursue the class. In 2009-12 there are more youngsters out there that are explicitly dynamic then there ever has before.Sex training is where children find out about sex and how to play it safe to look after wellbeing. A living domain is likewise to fault. On the off chance that an adolescent young lady lives in a not all that great piece of town and her mom was additionally a teenager mother, that young lady may turn into a high schooler mother. Truly, a young lady may not turn into a teenager mother in those living situations, however they additionally can come in contact other terrible impacts. Most young ladies that are pregnant, or potentially have had intercourse expressed that they were either inebriated or affected by unlawful drugs.Parent's are likewise a fault for high school pregnancies. At the point when parent doesn't have educate the youngster regarding sex or having babies , it harms the kid over the long haul since when contraceptives. Additionally, when a parent drills into their children's heads â€Å"don't engage in sexual relations or respite be tramp† â€Å"don't get pregnant or I'll show you out and you'll be homeless†, and attempt to limit the child from dating, conversing with, spending time with, or any kind of contact with the other gender will make the kid defy their parent's subsequently having intercourse and getting pregnant.In 2009, 1 of multi year olds have had intercourse, 2. 4% of multi year olds, despite the fact that pregnancy at these ages is uncommon, sexual movement is bound to be in the teenagers. 5. 4% of multi year olds, 11% of multi year olds, 20% of multi year olds, 33% of multi year olds, the greater part of the youngsters 17 to 19 said that they were explicitly dynamic UT 25% said they have not until the age of 20 (Gale, 2007). The normal age of an adolescent having pre-marriage sex is 16. 4 years in Caucas ians and 15. 5 years in African Americans (Talk of the Nation, 2008).It is assessed that 19% of adolescent young ladies who get pregnant decide on fetus removal, with about 52% of ladies more youthful than 25 years of age getting premature births. Of the young ladies who conceive an offspring, most choose to keep their infants. Somewhere in the range of 1982 and 1988, just 3% of Caucasian young ladies surrendered level infants for appropriation, contrasted with the 19% somewhere in the range of 1965 and 1972. That figure is much littler for African American arils. These figures despite everything hold commonly reality now days (World of wellbeing, 2007). Not exclusively does pre-marriage sex without contraceptives lead to pregnancy it additionally prompts Studs that can prompt lasting infection and even death.Teenage moms are at more danger of medical issues than grown-up moms. They are increasingly open to dieses, for example, tootsie, sickliness, and upperclassman. The main prophy lactic utilized by young people is conception prevention. It is 100% successful whenever taken the correct way. The star side of teenager pregnancy is that you get the opportunity to have an infant and that is about it. The con side of teenager regime is that you are a youngster your self and you are in your adolescents you are assume to have a great time and live life.Teen pregnancy is turning into a scourge and it needs to stop in light of the fact that the fetus removal rate is soaring, babies are in effect forgotten about in the downpour with no parental direction. Truly, there are a few adolescents out there that are extraordinary parent's nevertheless they are thin. With regards to having kids, youngsters can't raise them since they are kids themselves. On the off chance that young people think they are sufficiently developed to have pre-marriage sex, at that point they should settle on the develop choice to forestall pregnancies.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Memory and the Quest for Family History in One Hundred Years of Solitud

Memory and the Quest for Family History in One Hundred Years of Solitude and Song of Solomon Pierre Nora recommends that the journey for memory is the quest for one's history (289). In their endeavor to remake the mutual accounts of their kin, Toni Morrison and Gabriel Garcã ­a Mã ¡rquez depend intensely on the utilization of memory as a way to change the historical backdrop of those persecuted in view of race, class or potentially sex in this present reality where historiography has been overwhelmed by the white man. Memory is firmly identified with the recovery of character and history - both individual and group. Both memory and history rule Cien Aã ±os de Soledad (One Hundred Years of Solitude) from the earliest starting point, where the character Aureliano Buendã ­a is presented through his own memories: Muchos aã ±os despuã ©s, frente al pelotã ³n de fusilamiento, el coronel Aureliano Buendã ­a habã ­a de recordar aquella tarde remota en que su padre lo llevã ³ a conocer el hielo (9)/Numerous years after the fact, as he confronted the terminating crew, Colone l Aureliano Buendã ­a was to recall that far off evening when his dad took him to find ice (9). Like Garcã ­a Mã ¡rquez, Toni Morrison claims memory - just as creative mind - as a basic piece of the story demonstration: The demonstration of creative mind is bound up with memory. You know, they fixed the Mississippi River in places, to account for houses and bearable real esatate. Periodically the stream floods these spots. 'Floods' is the word they use, however in truth it isn't flooding; it is recalling. Recalling where it used to be. All water has an ideal memory and is everlastingly attempting to return to where it was. Scholars are that way: Remembering where we were, what valley we went through, what the banks resembled, the light... ...tive Literature Courses. Approaches to Teaching Garcã ­a Mã ¡rquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude. Marã ­a Elena de Valdã ©s and Mario J. Valdã ©s. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1990. 21-32. Parkinson Zamora, Lois. The Usable Past: The Idea of History in Modern U.S. what's more, Latin American Fiction. Do the Americas Have a Basic Literature? Ed. Gustavo Pã ©rez Firmat. Durham: Duke UP, 1990. 7-41. Penetrate, Robert N. Certainty or Fiction?: The Developmental Journalism of Gabriel Garcã ­a Mã ¡rquez. Journal of Popular Culture 22.1 (1988): 63-71. Ricci Della Grisa, Graciela N. Realismo Mã ¡gico y Conciencia Mã ­tica en Amã ©rica Latina. Buenos Aires: Fernando Garcã ­a Cambeiro, 1985. Strouse, Jean. Toni Morrison's Black Magic. Newsweek (30 March 1981): 52-57. Watkins, Mel. Meeting with Toni Morrison. New York Times Book Review (11 September 1977): 50.

Monday, August 10, 2020

Social Work Direct Practice Skills Example

Social Work Direct Practice Skills Example Social Work Direct Practice Skills â€" Assignment Example > Summary of the recordingThe summary recoding process will try to summarize all the activities that were undertaken during the whole interview session. In order to incorporate all the thoughts and feelings that are presented in the interview, then the summary recording process will be adopted. The summary recording focuses on four major parts namely the subjective, objective, assessment and finally the plan and it is for this reason that it has gain the acronym of SOAP. It was developed and first adopted in the 1960s by several health professionals since it helps to provide a snapshot of the whole session. The subjective part of the summary focuses on the gathering of information from the clients. In this way, the interviewer is able to gather information about some important aspects of the clients such as the reasons that made the client to come for the therapy. It is also possible in this case to understand the opinion of the client in terms of their view of the current problem a ffecting them, to what extent the problem is affecting them and finally, what they expect to gain from attending the service being provided. Here the relevant information needs to be collected but it should be as brief as possible. Similarly, it is important that the information being provided in this case to include any referrals that have been made to the client by others. in this interview, the interviewer made the subjective collection of information very effective and efficient since it only takes very little time. In the same way, the interviewer is able to gain information on the issues that brought them for the service, what they seek to achieve and the client also made it clear that she had been referred for the service by her younger sister. The objective summary in this case tries to gather the facts that are already known. The facts need to be identified from observations and the client should try to shed more light on the problem that they are facing in this case. Sim ilarly, it is also important that the client is assured of protection from the opinions and facts that they will discuss during the session. In the recording provided, the interviewer tries to remain neutral to the facts that are provided in the case. She does not make any form of judgemental calls or any form of labels. This improves the comfort of the client and she is able to open up more during the session. The interviewer also tries to push for facts to be developed during the session. She asks the client to try and provide information on the facts that she has been observing that are not normal. Some of the observable evidence that is collected in this case includes the fact that the client’s sister has seen change in her emotions and she encourages her to seek professional help. Similarly, the client also observes that her friends have been discussing her behind her back. This made her uncomfortable and she has of late been staying indoors rather than spending her leisure and free time with her friends. Similarly, since she was living far from her parents, they had grown distant with them and she did not have the courage to face them and inform them of their problems. So the only person in her life that she could share her issues with was her younger sister.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

e-Business Essay example - 1536 Words

E-Business E-business is the largest emerging trend in business today. The movement into e-business is dramatically changing the way people buy and sell. Business is no longer a one for all concept, that concept is being replaced by a consumer economy that is driven by choice. These choices are not only in product and price but in shopping environment as well, where their transactions can take place face to face or in an online environment. Not only are traditional businesses completing their transactions with other businesses in such an online format, but such transactions are taking place between businesses and consumers as well as consumers to consumers. The following paper outlines some of the differences and similarities of each of†¦show more content†¦I have outlined some strengths and weaknesses of business to consumer e-business and the way it is affecting the relationship between the consumer and merchant using Amazon.com’s Virtual Retailing Model as an example. Virtual retailing involves the request for and closing of a transaction over the medium of the Internet, via a web page (http://www.cybersolve.com/retail.html). While the processing of the transaction, itself, is key to the existence of a virtual retailer, it is not the most important piece. The key to the success of a virtual retailer, according to Peter G. W. Keen, is the ability of that virtual retailer â€Å"to build strong customer relationships†. Amazon.com has by far been one of the most successful virtual retailers in building strong customer relationships. 70% of Amazon’s customers are repeat customers; this is no surprise when Amazon.com invests 20% of its revenue in attracting consumers and develops different techniques to â€Å"bond with the customers†, such as â€Å"My Amazon† (http://www.computerworld.com/home/print.nsf/all/990614AD62 ). Traditionally businesses had to locate themselves, plant themselves several times over inShow MoreRelatedBusiness-to-business and B2b E-marketplace814 Words   |  4 Pagesyou’re Big, You Can Be Your own B2B E-Marketplace. Question 1 :- Volkwagen operates its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace in which its suppliers participate. What are the disadvantages to Volkswagen of not using a generic B2B e-marketplace with even more suppliers? What are the advantages to Volkswagen of developing and using its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace? Answer :- The disadvantages to Volkswagen of not using a generic B2B e-marketplace with even more suppliersRead MoreCase Study : E Business Suite Essay2292 Words   |  10 Pages Content Introduction 2 E-Business Suite Architecture 3 Chronical Development of E-Business Suites 6 Integration needs it addressed as it was developed 6 Responding to new integration trends and technologies 7 Oracle’s E-Business integrated with SOA Gateway 8 Oracle’s E-Business Suite on the Cloud 9 Conclusion 10 References 10 Introduction Reading through the requirement of this paper there were several options to choose from. There are several companies that offer integrationRead MoreE-Commerce for My Business578 Words   |  2 Pages Based on my future reading from â€Å"The Relationship between E-Commerce Adoption and Organization Performance† , the finding is also quite similar with these journal by which it had stated that the click-and mortar firm should also applying e-commerce and determine the necessary areas that need to be re-engineered in the process to increase the firm’s performance. However, it had been recommended that future researcher should consider some factors in determining their research by which Mutia SobihahRead MoreMarketing and E-business1592 Words   |  7 PagesE-Business E-business is the largest emerging trend in business today. The movement into e-business is dramatically changing the way people buy and sell. Business is no longer a one for all concept, that concept is being replaced by a consumer economy that is driven by choice. 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A number of impressive examples come to mind: Tesco in the UK, Otto Versand in Germany, and Dell Computers and Cisco Systems in the US.1 For orga nizations such as these, e-business is more than a tool but partRead MoreBusiness Skills for E-Commerce6864 Words   |  28 PagesBusiness Skills for E-Commerce Group Assignment Executive summary The documentation is about the process of implementing an e-commerce solution for the Dinapala Group of company. As the first step of completion, a preliminary investigation has done about the selected organization in order to have a proper idea about the problem scope and the background. After identifying the circumstantial, organization’s core business functions have assesses under the outcome criteria of understandingRead MoreE Commerce Within A Business2134 Words   |  9 PagesE-Commerce within a Business E-commerce within a business refers to the commercial transactions of products or services which occur electronically over the internet, by implementing e-commerce into a business such as ‘iGadget’ will provide both advantages and disadvantages, however the majority of the disadvantages can be fixed over time and the progression of the ‘iGadget’ itself. Advantages †¢ 24/7 opening 24/7 opening is a strong advantage for a business as it allows for the sales of productsRead MoreEssay E-Business1680 Words   |  7 PagesE-Business 1- Abstract 2- About E-Business 3- Advantages and Disadvantages 4- The impact if e-business on a typical business 5- What a company must do to transform its strategy when it decides to transform into e-business 6- Conclusion 7- References Abstract There is a misconception that e-Business simply means buying and selling products and services over the Internet. The broader view of e-Business focuses on the key processes that directly enhance revenue Ââ€" namely, customer acquisitionRead MoreBusiness And Consumer E Commerce873 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Business to Consumer e-Commerce? Business to Consumer e-Commerce, also referred to as B2C, is the process of selling goods and services over the Internet rather than having a traditional brick and mortar outlet to sell such products. Businesses establish a website or electronic marketplace with multimedia catalogs, interactive order processing, protected electronic payment systems, while also offering online customer support which allow consumers to shop and purchase items in confidenceRead MoreE Commerce : Business Analysis1820 Words   |  8 Pagesbranches in 50 cities has consult Yana consulting for suggestions relating online business. This report is created for Board of Directors of TARDIS Travel containing detailed information about the way to regain the company s market share by conducting business online and remain to be competitive in to future. This report includes details about different type of E-commerce, information related to in-house and outsourcing business strategies that would be helpful in this competitive environment of travel

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

How Globalization Will Affect My Future Career - 1601 Words

Issue Analyses How Globalization Will Affect My Future Career Problem/Issue Definition With Globalization along with outsourcing, my career in life is going to change big time. More and more jobs are being outsourced to other countries every day. Right now America is a mountain compared to other countries meaning that we are more advanced industrially. As more jobs are being outsourced the more the metaphorical mountain is shrinking in height and growing in width. We can slowly add to our mountain by creating new jobs; though this will take a lot of time and change. The playing field is being flattened for America and in turn for me. Looking for a job in finance I’m going to have to work hard to get a good paying job. At the same†¦show more content†¦This must show that more jobs have been created that were not there before. Also, as I look around I’m a lot better off than people were 150 years ago. If I want something I can pretty much go buy it at any store, and I have a lot more time for play rather than work. My life in general is a lot better off, along with my standard of living. With all this said, it shows that outsourcing is only going to create more jobs that would be available to me, and can raise my standard of living. According to Jill Andresky Fraser, the authors of White Collard Sweatshop, things are not getting better for the working man. For the average working person we have to put in more hours and our paychecks are barely keeping up with inflation. On the other hand, many Chief Executives of large corporations’ income went from 1.8 million in 1990 to 10.6 million in 1998. That is an increase of 490% in less than a decade. â€Å"For many of today’s white-collar workers, plagued by overwork, deteriorating benefits, and too much stress, the boss’s salary has become an irritant they just cannot overlook†. â€Å"In 1998 Weill earned $168 million at a time when the bank planned to cut 5 percent of its workforce while reducing 401k pension, and other benefits†(18 8). This shows that there is more money being made while it is not going to the lower level workers, but to the upper level leaders in the companies. In thisShow MoreRelatedThe Future of Human Resource Management1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe future of Human Resource Management 1.) Introduction The field of Human Resource is one of the most challenging and dynamic areas for European managers. â€Å"Human Resource Management is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. Human Resource Management can also be performed by line managers†. Humane Resource professionals can make the difference between success and failure in anRead MoreIs Globalization Affecting Me?1536 Words   |  7 PagesSociology Sec VO1 4 October 2014 How is Globalization Affecting Me? Globalization is undoubtedly affecting me, both positively and negatively. The issues of globalization were something I was blind to. Not in a sense that I was being simple minded and not seeing the issue, but in a sense that I did not see that globalization was actually affecting my education and my life in a hazardous way. I realized that there are more constituents involved with globalization. It is not just the innovation ofRead MoreGlobalization Is A Process Driven By International Trade Through Various Countries Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is one of the most influential process that affects our economies today through global communication, transportation technologies, foreign investment etc. It is a process driven by international trade through various countries. Defining globalization, globalization is the process of interaction and integration among the people, government, and business of different nations. Due to globalization, it allows different nations to interact and integrate with one another, also leading toRead MoreHong Kong Is A Modern Fast Paced International City Saturated With Skilled Workforce1325 Words   |  6 PagesThis provided a balance between both Western and Oriental cultures in the educational system of Hong Kong. However, since 1980s, globalization affected many places in some form on the society. Therefore, Hong Kong has spent a decade in reforming its educational system which gradually emphasizes more on technical subjects to keep up with the trends resulting from globalization. These changes are made to ensure the competency of Hong Kong’s society against the skilled workforce of other nations aroundRead MoreInternational Business : The Challenges Of Globalization963 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization nowadays is a very popular topic. With the rapid development of the economy, services and commercials trade between countries become more and more convent. The world becomes more and more like a globa l village. At the same time, it begins to have a deep influence on a company’s strategy plan which manager is involved in an international business market. In International Business: The Challenges of Globalization, I interested in PART 5 Chapter 2 Cross-Cultural Business. In my perviousRead MoreA Book On Economics Was Not Something That Was Pre Planned Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesMy venture on writing a book on economics was not something that was pre-planned. It was neither an attempt to extemporize on the current economic events that were taking place globally since the 2008 financial crisis. If it totally depended on my determination I would rather not have ventured into it, albeit the impregnable impulse to dive into it. There were unassailable challenges that delayed the project. Such experiences were a learning curve and added more quality to the work. This book isRead MoreIntegrative Studies : A Modern Day Collaboration Of Cultural, Diverse, And Intuitive Approach es1383 Words   |  6 PagesDefinition I would personally define Integrative Studies as a modern day collaboration of cultural, diverse, and intuitive approaches in understanding how individuals rationalize their thoughts and ideas when addressing and solving an issue or challenge. The collaboration of various applied theories and conducted research combine to find the underlying reasons for the occurrence of problems or issues. One must be able to dissect an issue or problem through multiple perspectives to find â€Å"hidden†Read MoreAmong The List Of Things For Managers To Consider When1300 Words   |  6 Pagesemployees is Geert Hofstede’s work in Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Hofstede’s work discusses the four â€Å"Value Dimensions† which include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity and how these four aspects of national value systems play a critical role in influencing relationships between employees with different social values. As intelligent managers who wish to expand their businesses across many borders, they must be highly awareRead MoreThe Development Of The Economy Is Becoming More And More Important For Every Country1183 Words   |  5 Pages2015, P.76). That is also why lots of people enter the service sector suddenly. How is the salary, working conditions and union density? How high education needed in financial manager? How is be affected by external factor? These are all I need to explore for my future career. What is financial manager? In most firms, organizations or government agencies, they will have one or more financial manager. According to the career profiles website, â€Å"They supervise direct investment activities, financial statementsRead MoreWorld is flat Essay2930 Words   |  12 Pageswhat extent? Give reasons and explain your position? Answer: In my opinion, Friedman does an outstanding job of convincing me and the reader that the world is flat because of technology. Also, he is a fantastic public speaker and I was very intrigued by his theories on globalization. However, in his speech at MIT I did notice him say the words â€Å"plug and play† a lot as he was speaking to the audience. Therefore, my first thought was how are the people around the world being able to afford computers

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Importance of Greek Burial Free Essays

The Importance of Burial in Greek Religion For the most part, the Greeks did not believe in a different afterlife for the good or bad—i. e. , no heaven or hell. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Greek Burial or any similar topic only for you Order Now In their view, the afterlife was almost universally grim; the important detail for the dead was whether they were buried or unburied. Those who did not receive proper funeral rites were doomed to wander by the river Styx, the entrance to the Underworld, for eternity; their souls could never be at rest. Thus, denying burial to a corpse not only insulted the body, but also damned his soul for all time. The buried were granted access to Hades, the name of both the Underworld and its king (who was also known as Pluto). In order for the dead to gain this access, a complicated ritual had to be performed. There were few ‘professional’ undertakers, so a man’s funeral fell to his family, especially the women of the family. They prepared the body for cremation, oversaw the collection of the bones and ashes and burial of the urn, provided the tomb with liquid offerings (libations), and led the mourning, a loud and violent process in which women tore their cheeks with their fingernails, ripped out their hair, and poured dirt over the heads and clothing. Mourning the dead was one of the few things women were allowed to do in ancient Greece, especially Athens. Women of well-born families were expected to stay at home in specially designated women’s quarters at all times except during certain religions festivals. Marriages were arranged by a girl’s father or guardian. Women were not true citizens of the democracy and could not speak or vote in the assembly. They were not even allowed to speak in court, a basic right for Athenian men. Burying and mourning their dead relatives gave women an opportunity to do something important for their families. It brought women to the fore and gave them a role to play. When Creon forbids burial of Polynices, he denies Antigone the chance to do one of the few important things society allowed women to do. Thus, he is attacking her identity, and that is a large part of the reason she opposes his orders. How to cite Importance of Greek Burial, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Jobs In World Wide Web Essay Example For Students

Jobs In World Wide Web Essay In todays fast-paced world, the high-tech computer industry offers a unique opportunity for high-paying jobs. Many people start their careers much younger than I have, so consequently I have to search for a career in a field that will offer me adequate financial rewards in a limited amount of time. I started working with computers four years ago, upgrading systems, and increasing modem speeds to enable me access to the World Wide Web. I find programming to be the most interesting area of Computer Science; there is a subculture within this area that call themselves hackers. There seems to be a negative connotation with the word hacker. This is a misunderstanding because these programmers, who consider themselves to be hackers, are not the evildoers that the media portrays them as. Some misguided souls do attack systems for profit and pleasure, but these are usually the wannabe hackers; they are referred to as crackers or cyberpunks. True hackers do not waste their time with these type s of antics. It is similar to an artist who, instead of painting a beautiful picture, sprays profanity on a city wall. There are many misconceptions surrounding the artform of hacking. Computers have made our world and lives much easier. In the past, many jobs were done by hand. Computers have replaced calculators. Word processing is now much faster and more conveienent than it was when we had to use typewriters. Not only can we type and correct errors much quicker since it can be done on a computer, but we dont even have to type at all as a result of dictation software, which allows us to speak to our computers. Computers revolutionized our world. We can communicate through e-mail with friends around the world. Research on any form or type of information is readily and easily accessible through the Internet. Computers have opened doors to people all over the world that just twenty years ago were not even dreamed of. Through all this innovation computers are, nevertheless, electronic components. They can only do what man tells them to do. This is how Alan Gauld, a computer programmer, explains computers: The logical thinking comes into play because computers are in trinsically stupid. They cant really do anything except add single digits together and move bytes from one place to another. Luckily for us some talented programmers have written lots of programs to hide this basic stupidity. But of course as a programmer you may well get into a new situation where you have to face that stupidity in its raw state. At that point you have to think for the computer. You have to figure out exactly what needs to be done to your data and when (Gauld). Who are programmers? They are people who write the software, which runs the hardware in your computer. Without the software, computer systems would be electronic components incapable of performing any useful operations. There are types of programmers, who are called ?hackers?. In the early 1960s, university facilities with huge mainframe computers, (like MITs artificial intelligence lab) became staging grounds for hackers. At first, a ?hacker? was a positive term that described a person with a mastery skill of computers who could push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Todays ?hacker?, however, comes with a negative connotation. Eric S. Raymond reveals this about hackers:There are a bunch of definitions of the term ?hacker?, Most having to do with technical adept nests and a delight in solving problems in overcoming limits? There is a community, a shared culture, of expert programmers and networking wizards that traces its history back to the decades to the first time-sha ring minicomputers and the earliest ARPAnet experiments. The members of this culture originated the term ?hacker?. Hackers built the Internet. Hackers made the UNIX operating system what it is today. Hackers run Usenet. Hackers make the World Wide Web work. If you are part of this culture, if you have contributed to it and other people in it know who you are in call you a hacker, youre a hacker. .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 , .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .postImageUrl , .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 , .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676:hover , .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676:visited , .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676:active { border:0!important; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676:active , .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676 .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa31b41a7be4d7bf5fbf07062583f676:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Rights EssayKim Kamondo elegantly explains it this way:The computer-cracking culture can be broken down into four basic groups. To the general public, the term hacker has come to mean someone who gains illegal access to a computer system. However, in geekspeak, the term has a very different definition. To insiders, a hacker is merely an avid computer enthusiast. These types often do gain access to systems theyre not supposed to, but they dont do it with ill intentions. Instead, the goal of the hacker is mental stimulation, much like fiddling with a Rubics Cube. The bigger the hack, the greater the bragging rights The most obvious troublemakers in this culture are ter med crackers. These are generally misguided people with some sort of anarchist bent. They delight in breaking into systems and fouling things up. Perhaps the most dangerous contingent of the hacker corps is the one you never hear about. These people arent interested in fame or intellectual stimulation. Theyre simply in it for the money. They hack into the computer systems at financial institutions, transfer money to different accounts and then vanish. Sound interesting? So why do we seldom, if ever, read of such exploits? The answer is simple: security. Financial institutions are very tight-lipped about such breaches, fearing that any publicity will only encourage copycat offenders. Theyd rather take the hit and deal with the matter internally than trigger a potential feeding frenzy among the hacker community. THE GOOD THINGS HACKERS DO.This may be a rather long quote but its difficult to explain the good things hackers do. I can say that hackers helped created the World Wide Web, o r I could go on to say that they test financial institutions systems for the safety of our funds.But to say they hacker has gone outafter pedophilesin the better many of the Internet needs to be quoted directly from the passage for the reader to understand. Some hackers have chosen to use their skills for the betterment of society. Theirs is a higher cause. Case in point: Christian Valor, a k a Se7en. Valor spent 17 years in the hacker underground, and for most of that time he dismissed reports of online kiddie porn as exaggerated claims by overzealous lawmakers. His suspicions were reinforced when in 1996, he spent eight weeks combing the Web for child pornography and came up empty-handed. Then he discovered chat channels and newsgroups that catered to pedophiles and other perverts. That was a rude awakening for Valor. In 1997, after discovering just how low his fellow Netizens could stoop, Valor made a vow to disrupt the online activities of kiddie porn peddlers in any way that he couldlegal or not. Of course, its highly unlikely that any child pornographer would cry foul to the authorities. And if someone were stupid enough to turn this Robin Hood-like figure in to the police, Valor says hes been assured by the Secret Service that theyd probably decline to take action on the matter. Valors first target in his new crusade was an employee of Southwestern Bell. Although the perpetrator took numerous steps to cover his tracks, Valor was able to determine that this fellow was using his employers computers as home base for his kiddie porn operation. Valor claims that several days after e-mailing the evidence to the president and network administrators at Southwestern Bell, he received a message back that the pornographer was no longer employed there. Valors crusade has led other hackers to join the fight. In fact, theres even a Hackers Against Child Pornography site that encourages others to take up their keyboards and modems against online kiddie porn peddlers. Combined with a couple of large-scale multinational child pornography busts that took place in 1998, maybe these cyberspace sexual misfits will think twice about their chosen lifestyle. In the battle against child pornography, one of the authorities best allies turns out to be hackers, the ultimate haters of authority. Although police wont acknowledge them publicly, some hacking groups informally assist law enforcement agencies in both technical training and evidence gathering. Computers and Internet Essays